GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF THE YABBY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L.): STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY, MULTI-LAYERED REGULATION, AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS IN ABIOTIC STRESS AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.53Keywords:
YABBY transcription factors , Olea europaea, OeuYAB genes, phytohormones, abiotic stressAbstract
In higher plants, YABBY transcription factors are critical for the development of lateral organs, polarity determination, and the response to environmental stress. Although the olive tree, Olea europaea L., is a valuable crop species in terms of ecology and economics, the YABBY gene family has received little attention. The current work discovered five unique OeuYAB genes from the five known subfamilies of the YABBY gene family: FIL/YAB3, YAB2, YAB5, CRC, and INO. Chromosomal mapping revealed that the distribution of these genes is not consistent throughout five genomic areas, denoted as SC_2771, SC_528, C_9, C_3, and C_1. Oeu055459.1 is placed at the distal end of C_1, while Oeu033104.1 and Oeu048822.1 are found in the higher sections of SC_2771 and SC_528, respectively. The clustering of Oeu055459.1, Oeu055459.2, and Oeu055459.3 in genomic regions C_9 and C_3 indicates the presence of genomic hotspots that could have resulted from the original gene's duplication. The physicochemical characterization of the genes revealed that OeuYAB proteins are compact (170-211 amino acids), hydrophilic, and unstable. The structural and motif analysis revealed that the genes contain the N-terminal C2C2 Zinc Finger and C-terminal YABBY domains. The Ka/Ks ratio is less than one, indicating strong purifying selection pressure on these genes. Furthermore, the presence of a complex regulatory system in the genes' promoters revealed that they are high in light responsiveness, phytohormones, and abiotic stress adaptation. To investigate post-transcriptional regulation, a miRNA target analysis revealed a specialized mode of regulation in which the OeuYAB1 and OeuYAB4 genes are regulated by two distinct miRNA clusters, Oeu-miRN1154 and Oeu-miRN2138, for translational inhibition and transcript cleavage, respectively. The OeuYAB genes were profiled using RNA-seq expression profiling in six anatomical tissues, revealing a high level of functional divergence; for example, OeuYAB3 of the CRC subfamily was found to have the highest expression level (1081.066 RPKM) in the fruit tissue, establishing its role as a key candidate for olive drupe development.
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