Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences
type: channel
description: Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences (J. Phys. Biomed. Biol. Sci. eISSN: 3005-6489) is peer reviewed international journal, the articles for Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences must be original reports of research not simultaneously submitted to or previously published in any other scientific or technical journal and must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing scientific concepts. The study reported should be applicable to a sizable geographic area or an area of ecological or economic significance and of potential interest to a significant number of scientists. The journal was started aims to provide a platform of publications following eminent standards to the researchers, scholars, scientists, and professionals of Life, physical and Biological Sciences. The inclusion of multiple academic disciplines helps in pooling the knowledge from two or more fields of study to handle better-suited problems by finding solutions established on new understandings. The authors can submit manuscripts online through OJS System. Authors can submit their manuscripts to the editorial office along with any query about status of manuscript through email at, editor@jpbab.com Frequency of publications (Volume and Issue) Each calendar year will have one volume with one issue. Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences publishes articles as soon as the final copy-edited version is approved by the authors rather than waiting for a collection of articles for a specific issue. Also, each article is published in its respective category.
publisher: Medeye Publishers
language: en
publication name: Journal of Physical, Biomedical and Biological Sciences
issn: 3005-6489
items: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF MALVASTRUM COROMANDELIANUM L.
items: PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR EMBRYO RESCUE: IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF WHEAT AND VARIETAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR CALLUS INDUCTION
items: MULTIVARIATE EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC AND BIOMASS TRAITS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L.: IMPLICATIONS FOR POTENTIAL DOMESTICATION
items: MULTI-VARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CHENOPODIUM MURALE
items: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN MALVA SYLVESTRIS
items: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF STELLARIA MEDIA MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
items: MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SOLANUM NIGRUM
items: INTERPLAY OF SMOG AND HEALTH CONDITIONS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE ON RESPIRATORY, HYPERTENSIVE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY
items: RETRACTED ARTICLE: CURRENT STATUS OF GRAIN DISCOLORATION DISEASE OF RICE IN PAKISTAN AND ITS MANAGEMENT
items: RICE PANICLE DISEASE AND ITS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
items: AN OVERVIEW FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT
items: CLASSIFICATION, PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT OF HEPACVIRIUS C
items: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CHENOPODIUM ALBUM
items: PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS IN PLANTS: MOLECULAR FEATURES, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
items: ROLE OF SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDIZATION FOR CONTRIBUTION TO CROP IMPROVEMENT
items: https://jpbab.com/index.php/home/article/view/53
items: MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ADAPTIVE TRAITS OF ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES (ALLIGATOR WEED) IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
items: EVALUATING THE HEALTH RISKS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER - A COMPREHENSIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
items: EVALUATION OF GENE ACTION IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
items: HYBRID RICE SUITABILITY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
items: INSECT SYMPHONY: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF ENTOMOLOGY IN ECOSYSTEM HARMONY
items: BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
items: DETECTION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN BIRDS
items: CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CORIANDER
items: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: SOLUTION FOR CLIMATE-INDUCED FOOD INSECURITY
items: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
items: GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS IN CHICKPEA(CICER ARIETINUM L.)GENOTYPES AT SEEDLING STAGE
items: CONTROLLING STRESS RESPONSES IN FRUIT CROPS THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT HORMONES
items: ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) THROUGH DIFFERENT MOLECULAR MARKERS
items: PHENOTYPIC PROFILING OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) VARIETIES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF MALVASTRUM COROMANDELIANUM L.
type: item
description: Malvastrum coromandelianum L. particularly grows in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an invasive alien and poses a serious threat to agricultural production and is utilized by diverse ethnic groups for medicinal purposes. Multivariate statistical analysis was therefore conducted to describe the morphological characteristics of M. coromandelianum and assess its plasticity in different environmental conditions. Plant samples were randomly collected from the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, during the active growing season. From three locations, three independent replicates were collected. Data on their morphological and physiological traits, including leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture content, were recorded. On the collected data, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s correlation, regression analysis, and GGE biplot techniques were applied. The study showed the significance (at a probability level of 5%) and interrelationship of these traits, indicating strong phenotypic adaptability under fluctuating environmental conditions. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association of dry weight with fresh weight and shoot height, while leaf area was positively related to leaf width and root length. Further, regression analysis indicated the strong interdependence among observed traits. GGE biplot analysis showed that plants collected from location three exhibited greater environmental stability and adaptability. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing sustainable long-term management approaches to mitigate the detrimental effects of this weed while protecting its beneficial value.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Malvastrum coromandelianum
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive
  topic: keywords
subject: GGE biplot
  topic: keywords
subject: regression
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
creator: K TAHIR
creator: E YASEEN
creator: S TAHIR
creator: AMNA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 K TAHIR, E YASEEN, S TAHIR, AMNA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-07-06
publication date: 2026-07-06
starting page: 62
ending page: 62
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.62

PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION FOR EMBRYO RESCUE: IMMATURE EMBRYO CULTURE OF WHEAT AND VARIETAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS FOR CALLUS INDUCTION
type: item
description: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, which is now under threat of productivity loss caused by changing climates, genetic erosion, and increasing biotic and abiotic stresses. The development of genetic and biotechnological solutions depends greatly on the establishment of highly efficient cell culture and plant regeneration systems. In this study, the protocol for tissue culture propagation of embryo rescue was optimized, and the callus induction efficiency of 4 different wheat genotypes, Sehar-2006, Galaxy-13, Sawera-2024, and Falak-2025, was assessed. Immature embryos were dissected and surface sterilized with a sequential treatment of sodium hypochlorite, Tween-20, and 70% ethanol. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 30 g L⁻¹ sucrose, 2 g L⁻¹ Phytagel, and 3 mL L⁻¹ 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stock solution was used for the culture of the sterilized explants. After a 2-week incubation period under controlled environmental conditions, there were considerable genotypic differences in terms of callus induction performance. Falak-2025 showed the highest callus induction and embryo rescue success rate (~78%), which was followed by Sawera-2024 with callus induction of ~70% and embryo rescue of ~50%, whereas Galaxy-13 showed callus induction of ~45% and embryo rescue of ~45%. The results obtained validate that the immature embryos are a good explant source because of their high metabolic activity and high regeneration potential. In addition, the application of the exogenous auxin 2,4-D was essential for the initiation of embryogenic callus formation. Finally, the optimization of all the above-mentioned aspects (genotypic selection, stage of explant culture, and hormonal balance) plays a crucial role in the success of wheat embryo culture. The improved protocol described in this study offers a reliable and repeatable callus induction system that could be used in subsequent wheat improvement projects, suc…
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Immature Embryo; Callus Media; 2,4-D; MS Media
  topic: keywords
creator: MAR KHALID
creator: MU HASSAN
creator: H CHAUDHARY
creator: MW JAMIL
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MAR KHALID, MU HASSAN, H CHAUDHARY, MW JAMIL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 61
ending page: 61
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.61

MULTIVARIATE EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC AND BIOMASS TRAITS IN WILD POPULATIONS OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L.: IMPLICATIONS FOR POTENTIAL DOMESTICATION
type: item
description: As an underutilized C4 pseudo-cereal and leafy germplasm, Amaranthus viridis L. is a nutritionally rich "superfood" with remarkable medicinal properties. Although it has been used globally throughout human history, it also frequently grows as a weed in major agricultural belts like the rice belt or Kalar track, such as in Pakistan, including areas of the districts Sialkot, Narowal, Sheikhupura, and Hafizabad. Amaranthus viridis L. poses a hazard to rice crops by competing for critical resources such as water, minerals, and nutrients. Crop yields decline as a result of this competition. A planned study was carried out to investigate the traits of Amaranthus viridis L. in three separate locations with various settings in order to address the problem. The findings demonstrated a significant relationship between characteristics such as shoot length, root length, inflorescence length, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, moisture content, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area. Conclusively, location three was found to be a favorable setting for Amaranthus viridis L. plants to thrive and develop vigorously. It is highly advised to acknowledge its production for future agronomic selection and domestication strategies over the desert regions and barren lands due to its soil-enhancing, resistant, medicinal, and nutritional benefits to ensure the utilization of nature’s blessing for the welfare of mankind in all possible ways.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Amaranthus Viridis; Morphological Traits; Multivariate Analysis; Correlation; Regression Analysis; Heritability; Genetic Advance; Biplot
  topic: keywords
creator: MA KHALID
creator: MU HASSAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MA KHALID, MU HASSAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-27
publication date: 2026-06-27
starting page: 60
ending page: 60
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.60

MULTI-VARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CHENOPODIUM MURALE
type: item
description: The Chenopodium murale is a very troublesome weed and an invasive species on a large scale, and also a serious threat to agricultural systems throughout the world, especially in cereal and vegetable crops. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphogenetic variability of C. murale and to obtain insight into the adaptive mechanisms under different environmental conditions. Samples were taken from three different sites at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The morphological traits, such as length of leaf, width of leaf, leaf area, shoot height, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, and moisture percentage, were recorded and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, regression, and PCA biplot analysis. The analysis revealed that the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and percentage of moisture were significant (p ≤ 0.05) between locations, thereby indicating a very high phenotypic plasticity and stress tolerance in the case of these traits. Heritability (h²) ranged from 0.847 to 0.993, indicating that the genetic control of these adaptive traits was additive. The fresh weight, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, moisture content, and root length were highly positively correlated. PCA accounted for 96.4% of the total variance, which was indicative of a good 2D representation of morphological variation. Multiple morphological traits need to be targeted with an integrated weed management strategy to produce effective control for this noxious weed.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: PCA
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated weed management
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive weed
  topic: keywords
subject: Chenopodium murale
  topic: keywords
subject: Morphological traits
  topic: keywords
creator: B SHAHZADI
creator: MM BAIG
creator: Q HAYYAT
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 B SHAHZADI, MM BAIG, Q HAYYAT (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-16
publication date: 2026-06-16
starting page: 59
ending page: 59
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.59

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN MALVA SYLVESTRIS
type: item
description: Malva sylvestris is a revered medicinal plant spread across the world, well-known for its versatile therapeutic properties. However, the environmental stressors, specifically water scarcity, cause a damaging threat to its global cultivation and metabolic representation, involving a deeper understanding of its morpho-physiological adaptive approaches. This study examines the morphological and physiological characters of Malva syivestris collected across the three different locations at the University of Punjab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. Three replications of three plants per site were taken to calculate the vegetative characters, including fresh weight(FW), dry weight(DW), leaf area(LA), leaf length (LL), leaf width(LW), moisture content(MC), root length (RL), and shoot height(SH). Data were investigated by using the analysis of variance(ANOVA), correlation coefficients, multiple linear regression, and GGEbiplot analysis. ANOVA demonstrates that the collection site greatly impacted all studied characters, revealing a suitable coefficient of variation (CV) range of 10-15%. On the other hand, the correlation analysis indicates a strong positive association between FW and DW. In contrast, a strong negative correlation was noticed between MC and RL, indicating a key physiological adjustment where plants alter the distribution of resources to enhance the root and shoot length under drought stress conditions. These studies demonstrate the high phenotypic plasticity of Malva sylvestris and build up an extensive morpho-physiological profile. To maximize the cultivation of Malva sylvestris, the breeding program should focus on selecting genotypes with larger leaf area, root length, and dry weight, which will work as a key character for environmental adaptation and stress resistance.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Morphological Trairs
  topic: keywords
subject: Malva sylvestris
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: locations
  topic: keywords
subject: shoot length
  topic: keywords
creator: Z BATOOL
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Z BATOOL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-03
publication date: 2026-06-03
starting page: 56
ending page: 56
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.56

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF STELLARIA MEDIA MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
type: item
description: Stellaria media, habitually recognized as chickweed, is an annual therapeutic herb associated with the family Caryophyllaceae. The present study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity, population demographics, and phenotypic traits of S. media. The investigated populations manifested prominent variation in both morphological traits and genetic composition. Owing to its vast ecological versatility, this species often synchronized with three associated species. It is broadly scattered all around southern and central Europe and is presently distributed into the northern regions of central Europe. In this study, ANOVA illustrates a detailed phenotypic and genotypic variation among different populations of Stellaria media from different field locations. It also provides multivariate Regression, Correlation, GGE biplot descriptions of different samples of the Stellaria media population from different field locations. The strong positive association among dry weight (DW), leaf traits (LL and LW), and shoot height (SH) suggests a coordinated pattern of vegetative growth, where taller plants with larger leaves enhance light interception and consequently promote greater biomass accumulation. It was found from results that the location 2 was found better for the growth and development of Stellaria media.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Caryophyllaceae
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: ecological versatility
  topic: keywords
subject: morphological traits
  topic: keywords
subject: multivariate
  topic: keywords
subject: field locations
  topic: keywords
creator: H BATOOL
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 H BATOOL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 55
ending page: 55
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.55

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF SOLANUM NIGRUM
type: item
description: Solanum nigrum (black nightshade, commonly known as makoi) is an excellent medicinal plant with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and remarkable anticancer properties. However, the optimum conditions for maximizing its growth potential for the extraction of medicinal products require a good understanding of its phenotypic plasticity and biomass under different environmental conditions. This study assessed the morphological and biomass traits of Solanum nigrum collected in triplicate across three discrete ecological sites at the University of Punjab, Lahore, computing fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), shoot height (SH), root length (RL), leaf area (LA), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), and moisture content (MC), were evaluated using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), correlation, and multiple linear regression. ANOVA findings revealed the significant environmental variation for leaf area, fresh weight, and shoot height; in contrast, traits like leaf length and dry weight displayed enhanced stability across environments with magnificently minor coefficients of variation at 0.81 percent and 6.53 percent. Highly integrated development pathways were demonstrated by strong positive correlations between fresh and dry weight at 0.966 and between leaf length and width at 0.9628. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed all the traits as significant indicators of biomass, with leaf width having the strongest effect (34.201). Overall, Solanum nigrum displays strong environmental adaptability, and traits like leaf width play a crucial role in improving the biomass.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Solanum nigrum
  topic: keywords
subject: morphological traits
  topic: keywords
subject: biomass
  topic: keywords
creator: AYESHA
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 AYESHA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-10
publication date: 2026-06-10
starting page: 57
ending page: 57
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.57

INTERPLAY OF SMOG AND HEALTH CONDITIONS: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE ON RESPIRATORY, HYPERTENSIVE, AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORBIDITY
type: item
description: Smog as a new form of air pollution has proved to be critical in posing various effects on the general population's health. The relationship between smog and the respiratory, hypertensive, and cardiovascular health of adults forms the focus of this research. The study is based on comparative parameters of demography, blood, and clinical characteristics between smog-exposed and non-exposed individuals. The survey involved 1000 cross-sectional participants: smog-exposed (500) and non-exposed (500). Standard clinical and biochemical protocols were employed in the collection of demographic data, hematological data, and respiratory health status. Quantitative data comparisons were made using descriptive statistics to determine mean differences and, consequently, statistical significance. There was no significant difference noted according to age and gender but the smog exposed had higher BMI (27.82±4.21kg/sq.m, p≤0.024) and a higher proportion in low socioeconomic strata (40.26%, p≤0.044). Serum biochemical analysis identified that white blood cells and total cholesterol were significantly increased in the exposed group (7.22±2.31×10⁹/L, p=0.025; 197.53±40.16 mg/dL, p=0.025) respectively. Of note, we found a reduction in the levels of HDL (39.62±7.83 mg/dl; p≤0.041) and an increase in triglyceride levels (178.24±38.66 mg/dl; p≤0.036) in smog-exposed participants. The respiratory health data showed a raised prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases including asthma (22.67%, p≤0.018) and chronic bronchitis (19.84%, p≤0.022). Hypertension and cardiovascular conditions were also seen more frequently among the subjects affected by smog. The article brings out the severe ill effects of smog, with the focus being on the effects of smog exposure on morbidity among people in terms of respiratory diseases, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. These results underscore the role of directed public health strategies and policies in correcting air pollution concentrations while …
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Environmental science
  topic: category
subject: Smog
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Conditions
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiovascular Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Pollution
  topic: keywords
creator: A MALIK
creator: J ISLAM
creator: G ZAIB
creator: A ZAHID
creator: AR RASHID
creator: T ZIA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 A MALIK, J ISLAM, G ZAIB, A ZAHID, AR RASHID, T ZIA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-14
publication date: 2024-11-14
starting page: 37
ending page: 37
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.37

RETRACTED ARTICLE: CURRENT STATUS OF GRAIN DISCOLORATION DISEASE OF RICE IN PAKISTAN AND ITS MANAGEMENT
type: item
description: The article has been retracted on 13-03-2025 due to the request of the corresponding author.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: rice
  topic: keywords
subject: disease resistance
  topic: keywords
subject: discoloration
  topic: keywords
subject: physiology
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular breeding
  topic: keywords
creator: N NAEEM
creator: M ASHFAQ
creator: A AFTAB
creator: J AKRAM
creator: A BATOOL
creator: M RIAZ
creator: A ABBAS
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 N NAEEM, M ASHFAQ, A AFTAB, J AKRAM, A BATOOL, M RIAZ, A ABBAS (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-08
publication date: 2024-11-08
starting page: 36
ending page: 36
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.36

RICE PANICLE DISEASE AND ITS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
type: item
description: Rice cultivation in Pakistan is important for local food security and international trade, especially through export of popular brands like Kernel and Super Basmati. However, the industry faces significant challenges from various biotic and abiotic stresses, including leaf blight (BLB) caused by Thomonas oryzae PV. which can cause decline. The prevalence of BLB is increasing in Pakistan, affecting weak Basmati varieties and causing up to 30% crop failure, especially when the disease occurs during the critical growth period. This disease and others like bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia glumae, demonstrate the interaction between bacteria, climate change (such as temperature and humidity) and genetics. MAS promote Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are medicinal and antibacterial. Extensive research has identified several genes (R genes) against BLB such as XA1, XA21 and XA7, which have been successfully incorporated into various rice varieties to enhance disease resistance. Genetic modification, although promising for rapid incorporation of protective genes, requires careful monitoring to ensure safety and efficacy across generations. Crop production, and entrance screening, including in wild rice, also play an important role in identifying emerging sources of disease resistance. Future research will focus on developing these technologies to improve crop production and disease resistance, thereby protecting food security in Pakistan and beyond.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Bacterial Leaf Blight
  topic: keywords
subject: Marker-Assisted Selection
  topic: keywords
subject: Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene
  topic: keywords
creator: J AKRAM
creator: N NAEEM
creator: M ASHFAQ
creator: A ABBAS
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 J AKRAM, N NAEEM, M ASHFAQ, A ABBAS (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-08
publication date: 2024-11-08
starting page: 35
ending page: 35
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.35

AN OVERVIEW FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF CARICA PAPAYA FRUIT
type: item
description: Papaya, scientifically known as Carica papaya or Carica Papaya Linn is the only edible member of the Caricaceae family. Papaya is a large herbaceous plant exploited for its biological activities. Papaya's wide range of uses and activities are attributed to its abundance of enzymes, minerals, nutrients, and phyto-constituents. Its applications range from adding it to one's diet regularly to treating minor illnesses and even serious conditions like cancer. All of the papaya plant's parts; bark, flowers, fruit, latex, leaves, peel, roots, seeds, and stem have therapeutic and medical uses. The use of papaya as a food and traditional medicine is as old as mankind. Presently, to overcome antibiotic-resistant microbes, C. papaya is a natural source with far more advantages. C. papaya plant is used in commercial, industrial, medicinal, and therapeutic applications owing mainly to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-microbial properties. This review aims to provide a concise review of the applications of C. papaya.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: papaya
  topic: keywords
subject: Carica papaya
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-fungal
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-microbial
  topic: keywords
subject: anti-bacterial
  topic: keywords
subject: antioxidant
  topic: keywords
creator: R AHMAD
creator: R WALEED
creator: MZ HAIDER
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 R AHMAD, R WALEED, MZ HAIDER (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-11-06
publication date: 2024-11-06
starting page: 34
ending page: 34
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.34

CLASSIFICATION, PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT OF HEPACVIRIUS C
type: item
description: Hepacivirus C has been remembered for the Flaviviridae family. It encompasses positive sense RNA infection and an individual from the Hepacivirus species. It's the overall issue and its predominance differs throughout the world while the greater part was in the USA however, now Egypt is the most influenced one. Its genotype varies because of the higher rate of recombination in the RNA genome. HCV significant transmission occurs due to blood transfusion. It can cause exhaustion, jaundice, anorexia, and numerous different diseases. It likewise impacts the liver if it’s in a persistent structure. Genotypes and subtypes are 8 and numerous (to be exact right around 126) individually. Genotype 1 has the most significant rate around the planet which influences around 40-80% of the population. USA has the most significant level of 1a and 1b, while in different nations genotype 1a isn't so normal. Pakistan has the most elevated level of HCV genotype 3a. Medicines have been built up that incorporate DAA (direct-acting antivirals), IFN-α (interferon alpha) Ribavirin, etc. A profoundly viable treatment is DAA. It may be utilized for the treatment of all age patients and the most elevated adequacy rate has been seen in youngsters because of DAA treatment. Interferon is given in a mix with other drugs. In recent years, practically half of the ongoing HCV-tainted patients have been restored with treatment other than DAA which includes ribavirin and interferon.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: category
subject: HCV
  topic: keywords
subject: drugs
  topic: keywords
subject: Ribavirin
  topic: keywords
subject: interferon
  topic: keywords
subject: antivirals
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepacivirus
  topic: keywords
creator: HAU HASSAN
creator: A RIASAT
creator: T ZIA
creator: S ISHAQ
creator: A ULLAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 HMU HASSAN, T ZIA, S ISHAQ, A ULLAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-27
publication date: 2024-10-27
starting page: 33
ending page: 33
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.33

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CHENOPODIUM ALBUM
type: item
description: Chenopodium album is a widespread deleterious weed that affects crop productivity considerably. This work was conducted to examine the morphological traits of Chenopodium album. For this purpose, the Chenopodium album samples were collected from a maize field located at the University of Punjab, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from three different locations. The samples were examined for eight morphological traits: fresh weight, dry weight, moisture content, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot height, and root length. Analysis of variance and correlation were used to study the importance and correlation of these traits. Our data showed that traits such as leaf length, leaf width, moisture content, dry weight, fresh weight, shoot height, and root length varied significantly among the three locations. These differences demonstrate that the growth and development of Chenopodium album are greatly affected by environmental factors (sunlight, shade, and distance from irrigation water). It was observed that the plants were highly adaptable to different agro-ecological environments. Additionally, regression analysis showed that the relationships between growth variables under evaluation were minimal. In looking for management strategies, this research provides useful information for understanding adaptability and emphasizes the role of environmental conditions in the morphological traits under study. The outcomes will be beneficial in designing management strategies for this invasive weed to reduce its impact on agricultural yield. It was found from study that locations 1 and 3 were excellent locations for the growth and development of Chenopodium album.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: noxious weed
  topic: keywords
subject: morphological traits
  topic: keywords
subject: crop productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: analysis of variance
  topic: keywords
subject: regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Chenopodium album
  topic: keywords
creator: A SHAHID
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A SHAHID (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-06-02
publication date: 2026-06-02
starting page: 54
ending page: 54
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.54

PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS IN PLANTS: MOLECULAR FEATURES, FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY, AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
type: item
description: Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are critical components of the plant immune system, rapidly accumulating in response to pathogen attack and various stresses. Since their first identification in tobacco infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), these inducible proteins have been classified into multiple families based on sequence and functional characteristics. PR proteins exhibit a range of biochemical activities – including cell-wall degrading enzyme activities (e.g., chitinases, glucanases), antimicrobial peptide functions (e.g., defensins, thionins), and protease inhibition – that contribute to direct pathogen suppression and modulation of defense signaling. Advances in molecular cloning have enabled transgenic expression of PR genes in susceptible crops, often leading to enhanced resistance against fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and viruses. Beyond plant immunity, some PR proteins display multifunctional properties relevant to stress tolerance and pharmacology. This review summarizes current understanding of PR protein classification, molecular features, induction by biotic/abiotic cues, and their application in crop protection, while highlighting opportunities and challenges in harnessing PR proteins for biotechnology.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: chitinases
  topic: keywords
subject: glucanases
  topic: keywords
subject: defensins
  topic: keywords
subject: thionins; fungi
  topic: keywords
subject: bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: oomycetes
  topic: keywords
subject: viruses
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins
  topic: keywords
creator: FZ KHEEMJI
creator: G SHAIR
creator: A ISRAR
creator: N FAROOQ
creator: M HAMMAD
creator: M SHAKEEL
creator: M SHAFIQ
creator: SHUH SHERAZI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 FZ KHEEMJI, G SHAIR, A ISRAR, N FATIMA, M HAMMAD, M SHAKEEL, M SHAFIQ, SHUH SHERAZI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 52
ending page: 52
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.52

ROLE OF SOMATIC CELL HYBRIDIZATION FOR CONTRIBUTION TO CROP IMPROVEMENT
type: item
description: Breeders have successfully leveraged genetic heterogeneity within the species to enhance crop quality. Large have been made to expand the current crop gene pool since, for modern plant breeding objectives, the variability found in a breeding population may not be sufficient. Mostly, sexual crossovers between distinct genotypes within or across closely related species have provided the basis for the introduction of novel features. The potential to alter and enhance food plants has been limited, though, as gene transfer has only been possible among sexually compatible species because of multiple reproductive hurdles. Only closely related species or even unrelated creatures may possess several desirable and intriguing agronomic traits. Much work has gone into locating, isolating, and transferring these genes into crops because they represent a potential genetic resource. Thanks to the quick advancement of somatic cell genetics, there are now ways to transmit genes across taxonomic boundaries and beyond sexual boundaries. Somatic hybridization is useful not just for the transfer of unknown genes but also for modifying and enhancing polygenic features. Furthermore, since a hybrid cell with a mixture of the two fusion partners is produced, somatic hybridization allows for the change of genetic material. Somatic hybridization is the process of creating hybrid plants by fusing the protoplasts of two distinct plant species or kinds; these hybrids are referred to as somatic hybrids. Thus, only in cases when all of the following two requirements are met—i) large-scale protoplast isolation and ii) totipotency of the separated protoplasts—can somatic hybridization be used. Generally speaking, somatic hybridization is a useful technique for improving crops and plant breeding by creating interspecific and intergeneric hybrids. Asexual and sterile plants can benefit from it, as can those whose sexual compatibility with other species is compromised.
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Hybrid
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybridization
  topic: keywords
subject: Somatic
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Protoplast fusion
  topic: keywords
creator: FN AJMAL
creator: M KHALIL
creator: Q HAYYAT
creator: SS ALI
creator: MT TUFAIL
creator: H AHMED
creator: SHUH SHERAZI
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 FN AJMAL, M KHALIL, Q HAYYAT, SS ALI, MT TUFAIL, H AHMED, SHUH SHERAZI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-05
publication date: 2026-01-05
starting page: 51
ending page: 51
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.51

https://jpbab.com/index.php/home/article/view/53
type: item
title: GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF THE YABBY TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FAMILY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L.): STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY, MULTI-LAYERED REGULATION, AND FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS IN ABIOTIC STRESS AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT
description: In higher plants, YABBY transcription factors are critical for the development of lateral organs, polarity determination, and the response to environmental stress. Although the olive tree, Olea europaea L., is a valuable crop species in terms of ecology and economics, the YABBY gene family has received little attention. The current work discovered five unique OeuYAB genes from the five known subfamilies of the YABBY gene family: FIL/YAB3, YAB2, YAB5, CRC, and INO. Chromosomal mapping revealed that the distribution of these genes is not consistent throughout five genomic areas, denoted as SC_2771, SC_528, C_9, C_3, and C_1. Oeu055459.1 is placed at the distal end of C_1, while Oeu033104.1 and Oeu048822.1 are found in the higher sections of SC_2771 and SC_528, respectively. The clustering of Oeu055459.1, Oeu055459.2, and Oeu055459.3 in genomic regions C_9 and C_3 indicates the presence of genomic hotspots that could have resulted from the original gene's duplication. The physicochemical characterization of the genes revealed that OeuYAB proteins are compact (170-211 amino acids), hydrophilic, and unstable. The structural and motif analysis revealed that the genes contain the N-terminal C2C2 Zinc Finger and C-terminal YABBY domains. The Ka/Ks ratio is less than one, indicating strong purifying selection pressure on these genes. Furthermore, the presence of a complex regulatory system in the genes' promoters revealed that they are high in light responsiveness, phytohormones, and abiotic stress adaptation. To investigate post-transcriptional regulation, a miRNA target analysis revealed a specialized mode of regulation in which the OeuYAB1 and OeuYAB4 genes are regulated by two distinct miRNA clusters, Oeu-miRN1154 and Oeu-miRN2138, for translational inhibition and transcript cleavage, respectively. The OeuYAB genes were profiled using RNA-seq expression profiling in six anatomical tissues, revealing a high level of functional divergence; for example, OeuYAB3 of the CRC s…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: YABBY transcription factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Olea europaea
  topic: keywords
subject: OeuYAB genes
  topic: keywords
subject: phytohormones
  topic: keywords
subject: abiotic stress
  topic: keywords
creator: A SHER
creator: M HAMMAD
creator: SHUH SHERAZI
creator: M SULEMAN
creator: M SHAFIQ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 A SHER, M HAMMAD, SHUH SHERAZI, M SULEMAN, M SHAFIQ (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-12
publication date: 2026-03-12
starting page: 53
ending page: 53
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2026i1.53

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ADAPTIVE TRAITS OF ALTERNANTHERA PHILOXEROIDES (ALLIGATOR WEED) IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
type: item
description: The focus of this research is to determine the morphological characterization of the Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) under different environments. The species is an invasive weed plant that has phenotypic plasticity, stress resistance, and ecological amplitude, which makes this plant a menace to ecological systems and crop production. Shooting Typology, which consists of several phenotypic descriptors including plant height, fresh plant weight (FPW), and dry plant weight (DPW), was used as a covariate to establish a relationship with biomass. The use of regression analysis, correlation analysis, and PCA ranked FPW and DPW as significant sources of variability with moderate secondary effects from plant height. Experiments undertaken in three field sites showed that conditions equivalent to Location 1 enhance biomass yield, while other sites displayed stress growth responses. Such a study supplements the source of information on the invasive ability of A. philoxeroides, particularly in relation to biomass production capability and ecological imperialism. It also estimated the usefulness of this weed as a fodder crop, especially in current times where resources are in short supply. The study is useful for developing appropriate management strategies for invasions by these species and the best way by which they can be used in agriculture and ecosystem rehabilitation. Subsequent studies should pay attention to the stability of trait correlations as determined by genetic factors and the physiological makeup of animals, and investigate specific environmental conditions that may exist to update the control strategies.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Alternanthera philoxeroides
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological invasion
  topic: keywords
subject: Correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenotypic plasticity
  topic: keywords
creator: MT TUFAIL
creator: M MUZAFFAR
creator: Q HAYAT
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 MT TUFAIL, M MUZAFFAR, Q HAYAT (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 49
ending page: 49
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2025i1.49

EVALUATING THE HEALTH RISKS OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN DRINKING WATER - A COMPREHENSIVE RISK ASSESSMENT
type: item
description: Humans are frequently exposed to heavy metals (HMs) and pathogens via assimilation of contaminated drinking water all over the world, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate drinking water quality and related human health risks in spring and tap water in Hangu District, Pakistan. Standard methods were employed for gathering samples (10 from spring water and 10 from tap water) from the predominant drinking water sources in the study areas. The samples were assessed for human health risk, HMs, physicochemical, and microbiological evaluations. In the study site, the water supplies were polluted with faecal coliform, demonstrating high bacterial pollution. A total of 72 bacterial isolates were obtained from water samples, 40 from spring water, and 32 from tap water samples. The physiochemical parameters such as turbidity (2.10-4.65 NTU), total suspended solids (3.80-5.30 mg/L), electrical conductivity (498.3-569.9 µS/cm), COD (4-9 mg/L), BOD (6-11 mg/L), Total Dissolved Solids (477.8-638.3mg/L), pH (7.2-7.5), sulphate (187.2-269.8 mg/L), nitrate (0.43-0.62 mg/L), sodium (255.1-238.4mg/L), chloride (217.7-290.4 mg/L), Ca hardness (149.1-228.0mg/L), Mg hardness (122.6—6136.7mg/L) and total hardness (412.2-456.6 mg/L) were analyzed for both water samples. The HMs concentrations, such as lead, Manganese, Chromium, and Cadmium, were assessed in drinking water by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and then compared with limits set by WHO. The HMs were noted as Cd (0.011-0.017 mg/L), Cr (0.017-0.088 mg/L), Mn (0.015-0.083 mg/L), and Pb (0.003-0.008 mg/L). According to the World Health Organization drinking water quality standard, the majority of physical and chemical characteristics fell within acceptable limits.. However, the values of sodium ions, nitrate, sulphate, and chloride ions were beyond the limits of the WHO in some water samples. The potential health risks of HMs to the native population were also studied. The concentrations of all selected met…
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Health Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Environmental science
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Coliform bacteria
  topic: keywords
subject: Antibiotic Susceptibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiochemical parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: Heavy metals
  topic: keywords
subject: Health risk assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: M UNAID
creator: S KHAN
creator: SM SHAH
creator: MS KHAN
creator: R AFRIDI
creator: A AZIZ
creator: F SHIREEN
creator: H YASMIN
creator: S YILMAZ
creator: A ULLAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 M UNAID, S KHAN, SM SHAH, MS KHAN, R AFRIDI, A AZIZ, F SHIREEN, H YASMIN, S YILMAZ, A ULLAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
starting page: 47
ending page: 47
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2025i1.47

EVALUATION OF GENE ACTION IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
type: item
description: Rice is an important cereal crop after wheat and maize. To study the combining ability effects of quantitative traits in rice, line × tester (4×3) progeny was generated involving 7 parents; 4 different lines, namely Super Basmati, Basmati 385, Basmati 515 and KSK 133, and 3 well-adapted testers, namely, Basmati 198, PK 386 and KS 282. Super basmati, Basmati 515, Basmati 198, Basmati 385, KSK 133, and PK 386 were found to be effective general combiners that provide excellent segregates for further selection. Basmati 385×KS 282, Super Basmati × KS 282, KSK 133 × PK 386, Super Basmati × PK 386 and Basmati 515 × KS 282 hybrid combinations have higher specific combining ability (SCA) effects on grain yield and its components and can be used to exploit hybrid vigor to increase yields. It was suggested that the genotypes Basmati 385, KS 282, Super Basmati, and PK 386 may be used for the development of high-yielding rice hybrids.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Plant Sciences
  topic: category
subject: rice
  topic: keywords
subject: progeny
  topic: keywords
subject: selection
  topic: keywords
subject: grain yield
  topic: keywords
subject: GCA
  topic: keywords
subject: SCA
  topic: keywords
creator: MHM KALYAR
creator: J TABASSUM
creator: MA ULLAH
creator: MNN KALYAR
creator: KD SHAH
creator: A ABBAS
creator: AU REHMAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 MHM KALYAR, J TABASSUM, MA ULLAH, MNN KALYAR, KD SHAH, A ABBAS, AU REHMAN (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-23
publication date: 2024-10-23
starting page: 31
ending page: 31
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.31

HYBRID RICE SUITABILITY AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
type: item
description: Hybrid rice breeding increases yield by hitchhiking on heterosis, a trait in an offspring that is better than the parents. Use the three-line (CMS) or two-line (EGMS) protocol. Hollingshead describes a three-line CMS system with male-sterile A, maintenance B, and fertility restorative R lines. The hybrid seed is created by crossing the two lines, with the A line maintained by the B-line. The two-liner EGMS uses TGMS or PGMS to achieve male sterility and remove the maintainer line. This is why the hybrid seed is generated from EGMS lines under sterility-inducing conditions. CMS hybrid rice breeding involves establishing and maintaining A, B, and R lines, testcrosses to find restorers and maintainers, backcrosses to improve the A-line, and combining ability tests to choose high-yielding hybrids. Digenic interactions affect complete genes, with epistatic interaction contributing most to heterosis. Hybrid rice has naturally inherited biological intellectual property rights that encourage private seed production. However, high seed costs, grain quality, and pest and disease vulnerability should be addressed. Therefore, wisely and properly managing agronomic requirements is necessary to maximize hybrid rice yields.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: CMS
  topic: keywords
subject: EGMS
  topic: keywords
subject: testcross
  topic: keywords
subject: digenetic
  topic: keywords
subject: hybrid rice
  topic: keywords
creator: M RIAZ
creator: MN KHALID
creator: A BATOOL
creator: A ABBAS
creator: I AMJAD
creator: M KASHIF
creator: A SHAKEEL
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 M RIAZ, MN KHALID, A BATOOL, A ABBAS, I AMJAD, M KASHIF, A SHAKEEL (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-10-23
publication date: 2024-10-23
starting page: 32
ending page: 32
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.32

INSECT SYMPHONY: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF ENTOMOLOGY IN ECOSYSTEM HARMONY
type: item
description: This review article discusses insects' importance in maintaining ecosystems' equilibrium and productivity. Due to diversity and global distribution, insects contribute to ecological complexity, resilience, and overall health. The article highlights the historical relationship between humans and insects, with insect research becoming a reputable scientific discipline during the Renaissance. The article also discusses the role of insects in pollination, decomposition, and the food web. Insects are crucial for pollination processes, with over 75% of the world's important food commodities relying on insect pollination. Insects also play a vital role in decomposition, transporting organic matter and reintroducing nutrients to the soil. Predatory insects help preserve ecological equilibrium by capturing and ingesting prey, affecting the physical structure of the soil and plant relationships. Soil engineers like termites, dung beetles, and ants contribute to soil ecology by breaking down plant waste and influencing the soil's chemical composition and physical structure. The article also mentions the role of insects as disease vectors and the potential benefits of non-native insect species in ecosystems. In agriculture, insects provide essential ecosystem services such as pollination and pest control, significantly impacting crop yield. Dung beetles, in particular, enhance soil nutrient concentrations and increase crop yield. Overall, the article emphasizes the significant role of insects in maintaining the health and vitality of ecosystems and their importance to human well-being.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Ecosystems
  topic: keywords
subject: insects
  topic: keywords
subject: equilibrium
  topic: keywords
subject: biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: pollination
  topic: keywords
subject: decomposition
  topic: keywords
subject: predators
  topic: keywords
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: MA SALEEM
creator: A FATIMA
creator: A REHMAN
creator: T AROOB
creator: A ALEEM
creator: MA SHAHBAZ
creator: H NAVEED
creator: A MAJEED
creator: MS NAWAZ
creator: M GULSHER
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 MA SALEEM, A FATIMA, A REHMAN, T AROOB, A ALEEM, MA SHAHBAZ, H NAVEED, A MAJEED, MS NAWAZ, M GULSHER (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-02-01
publication date: 2024-02-01
starting page: 26
ending page: 26
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.26

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROP DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
type: item
description: This review article discusses the potential of biotechnology in agriculture, specifically in crop development. It highlights the benefits of genetic engineering, molecular markers, and genome editing techniques in enhancing crop productivity, nutritional value, and resistance to environmental stresses and pests. However, the article also acknowledges the challenges that must be addressed, such as regulatory frameworks, public acceptance, and ethical considerations. The article also discusses the importance of tissue culture in plant reproduction and the various techniques used in tissue culture, including protoplast fusion, cryopreservation, and micropropagation. It emphasizes the advantages of in vitro cell and tissue culture in plant and mutation breeding. Furthermore, the article mentions using transgenic crops, which have been genetically modified through genetic engineering techniques. It discusses the benefits of transgenic crop cultivation, such as increased revenue and agricultural output. However, it also acknowledges the public's concerns about potential environmental hazards and human consequences of transgenic crops. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of biotechnology in addressing the challenges faced by the agricultural industry, such as pest and disease outbreaks, climate change, and soil fertility depletion. It highlights the need for sustainable agricultural practices and the development of crop varieties that can withstand extreme weather conditions and climate change to ensure global food security.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: crop development
  topic: keywords
subject: tissue culture
  topic: keywords
subject: transgenic crops
  topic: keywords
subject: molecular plant breeding
  topic: keywords
subject: Biotechnology
  topic: keywords
creator: HMN AJMAL
creator: J IQBAL
creator: M KAMRAN
creator: MM SHAFIQUE
creator: MJ ARSHAD
creator: Z NOOR
creator: SH MUSTAFA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 HMN AJMAL, J IQBAL, M KAMRAN, MM SHAFIQUE, MJ ARSHAD, Z NOOR, SH MUSTAFA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-02-01
publication date: 2024-02-01
starting page: 24
ending page: 24
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.24

DETECTION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METAL TOXICITY IN BIRDS
type: item
description: Heavy metals are defined as metals with a density of more than 5 to 6 g/cm³. The present study determined the effect and concentration of heavy metals in the organs of pigeons and crows collected from Lahore and Pakpattan. Metal toxicity was determined in pigeons' and crows' vital organs (kidney, lungs and liver). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer determined heavy metals concentration. The data was observed by applying ANOVA and mean±SD. Heavy metals analysis showed significantly high concentrations of Cadmium (27.33±0.57) and lead (16.83±0.14) mean values, respectively. There was a low concentration of cadmium (22.83±0.14) and lead (4.83±0.14) mean values, respectively. A probability value at (p<0.05) showed significant differences among the different organs of pigeons and crows. The samples showed high bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the organs compared to Pakpattan.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Heavy metals
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioaccumulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Spectrophotometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Organs
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadmium
  topic: keywords
subject: lead
  topic: keywords
creator: A ILYAS
creator: S ZHAHBAZ
creator: R ZAHRA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 A ILYAS, S ZHAHBAZ, R ZAHRA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-02-01
publication date: 2024-02-01
starting page: 25
ending page: 25
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.25

CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF CORIANDER
type: item
description: This study, conducted between 2023 and 2024, examines the physical characteristics and genetic variation of Coriandrum sativum, or coriander. A popular herb for culinary and medicinal uses, coriander was studied for its root length, stem length, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area. Essential oils and extracts from C. sativum show promising antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidative properties as distinct chemical components in various plant parts. As a consequence, they contribute significantly to food preservation by preventing degradation. This research indicates that Coriandrum sativum is resistant in adverse settings because of the significant positive connections among its morphological characteristics. Regression analysis also reveals the crucial role that shoot length plays in encouraging overall plant growth, providing valuable information that can be used to enhance farming methods and increase crop yields.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Coriandrum sativum
  topic: keywords
subject: Antioxidant Characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: morphology
  topic: keywords
creator: M UMAR
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 M UMAR (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-13
publication date: 2024-01-13
starting page: 22
ending page: 22
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.22

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: SOLUTION FOR CLIMATE-INDUCED FOOD INSECURITY
type: item
description: Climate change is causing fluctuations in temperature and precipitation, posing a challenge to food security in the developing world. The projected increase in food demand due to population growth requires agricultural development. However, intensive agriculture has led to land degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge is to meet the growing demand for food in an environmentally and socially sustainable way. Climate change threatens agriculture through disruptions to crop production and livestock health. Sustainable agriculture promotes long-term cultivation and efficient resource use and is crucial for food security. Research, education, and technological applications are needed to improve sustainable agriculture. Technology, including traditional and emerging methods, can enhance sustainability in agriculture. Farmers are implementing alternative techniques to reduce chemical fertilizer use. As the population grows, sustainable intensification of agriculture is necessary. Small-scale agriculture can be developed through crop diversity, careful fertilizer application, and soil conservation. Resource conservation technologies are important for long-term agricultural viability. Research should focus on strategies that minimize disruption to natural habitats while increasing the environmental value of agricultural land. Government assistance is needed for poor countries to adopt sustainable agriculture methods.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: Food security
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural development
  topic: keywords
subject: Intensive agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: HMN AJMAL
creator: Z IFTAKHAR
creator: A PERVAIZ
creator: M CHAUDHRY
creator: M KHALID
creator: R ZAHEER
creator: BA AKBAR
creator: R ABID
creator: W MUSHTAQ
creator: F RAZA
creator: I FATIMA
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 HMN AJMAL, Z IFTAKHAR, A PERVAIZ, M CHAUDHRY, M KHALID, R ZAHEER, BA AKBAR, R ABID, W MUSHTAQ, F RAZA, I FATIMA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-31
publication date: 2024-01-31
starting page: 23
ending page: 23
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.23

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE
type: item
description: This study was designed to evaluate some wheat varieties against the most prevailing and increasing drought conditions worldwide and recommend suitable drought-resistant varieties to the farmer communities so that the yield can be increased even in stressful conditions to meet the increasing demand for food. For this purpose, seven wheat genotypes were grown in the sandy loam soils at the experimental research area of the College of Agriculture, BZU Bahadur sub-campus Layyah, during the wheat season of 2020-2021. Data were collected for plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, spike length of mother tiller, thousand grain weight, number of flag leaf sizes and grain yield per plant. In breeding for drought tolerance, grain yield is the idea for selection; however, it's a complicated, late-degree trait tormented by many elements other than drought. An approach that evaluates genotypes for physiological responses to drought at advanced increase ranges can be extra centered to drought and time efficient. Such a method can be enabled through current advances in excessive-throughput phenotyping platforms. In addition, the fulfilment of the latest genomic and molecular techniques depends on the best of phenotypic facts applied to dissect the genetics of complicated developments, including drought tolerance. Therefore, the primary goal of this assessment is to explain the increase-degree primarily based physio-morphological developments that would be centered through breeders to increase drought-tolerant wheat genotypes. The 2nd goal is to explain current advances in excessive throughput phenotyping of drought tolerance associated physio-morphological developments in the main below discipline conditions. We talk about how those techniques may be included in a complete breeding application to mitigate the influences of weather change. The assessment concludes that there may be a need for excessive throughput phenotyping of physio-morphologica…
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: drought tolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: wheat yield
  topic: keywords
subject: food security
  topic: keywords
subject: phenotyping
  topic: keywords
subject: morphology
  topic: keywords
subject: physiology
  topic: keywords
creator: RB MOHIUDDIN
creator: A ABID
creator: H ASMAT
creator: M ASIF
creator: M FAROOQ
creator: H ALIM
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 RB MOHIUDDIN, A ABID, H ASMAT, M ASIF, M FAROOQ, H ALIM (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-13
publication date: 2024-01-13
starting page: 21
ending page: 21
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.21

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC TRAIT ASSOCIATIONS IN CHICKPEA(CICER ARIETINUM L.)GENOTYPES AT SEEDLING STAGE
type: item
description: This study evaluated Genetic variability, heritability & Genetic advance in early development of chickpea. Twenty-five chickpea genotype were utilized in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications at The University of the Punjab, Lahore. Morphological data were collected for seven traits length of seedling(SL),Length of root(RL),Root-and-Shoot-ratio(RTSR),Biomass of seedling(SB),Length of leaf(LL),width of Leaf(LW) and Area of leaf(LA) at early stage and analyzed.The Combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference is high highly (P≤0.01) in all genotypes for all examined traits, underscoring substantial genetic variability within the current chickpea genotypes. Notably, traits such as Leaf-Area, Root-length, Leaf-length, and Leaf-width exhibited elevated heritability and GA, indicating feasibility on the basis of phenotype selection to enhance these traits. This insight provides valuable information for the targeted improvement of chickpea varieties through selective breeding based on these specific phenotypical characteristics.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Genetic Variance
  topic: keywords
subject: chickpea
  topic: keywords
subject: Heritability
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic advance
  topic: keywords
subject: genotypic
  topic: keywords
creator: AROOSA
creator: MA AHMED
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 AROOSA, MA AHMED (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-12
publication date: 2024-01-12
starting page: 20
ending page: 20
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.20

CONTROLLING STRESS RESPONSES IN FRUIT CROPS THROUGH THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT HORMONES
type: item
description: Abiotic stress, impaired by climate change, poses a significant threat to global fruit crop production, with less than 3.5% of the world's land considered free from such stressors. The ensuing morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants under abiotic stress are explored, underscoring the importance of addressing these challenges for sustainable agriculture. The postharvest diseases induced by pathogens emphasize the role of fruit resistance and intricate defense signaling pathways. Anthocyanins emerge as crucial compounds in mitigating stress-induced damage, with a focus on their chelating properties and diverse functions. Plant hormones' modulation of anthocyanin production is investigated, shedding light on the potential of hormones like abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, and ethylene in enhancing stress resistance. The involvement of Gibberellins in plant defense mechanisms and the significance of Salicylic acid in stress response are discussed, providing valuable insights into hormonal regulation under different stress conditions. The responses of fruit crops to temperature, water, salt, and heavy metal stress highlight the complex interactions and adaptations crucial for survival. It highlights the importance of understanding hormonal control mechanisms for enhancing crop resilience and sustainability in the face of global agricultural challenges. Further research is needed to unravel signaling pathways and molecular networks, paving the way for innovative approaches in crop breeding, genetic engineering, and precision agriculture to ensure food security amidst changing environmental conditions.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: abiotic stress
  topic: keywords
subject: signalling pathways
  topic: keywords
subject: heavy metals
  topic: keywords
subject: salt stress
  topic: keywords
subject: hormones
  topic: keywords
creator: M SANAULLAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 M SANAULLAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-12
publication date: 2024-01-12
starting page: 18
ending page: 18
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.18

ENHANCEMENT OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) THROUGH DIFFERENT MOLECULAR MARKERS
type: item
description: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a member of the Malvaceae family and the Gossypium genus, which contains 50 different species. Only four of these species, however, are commercially farmed. This study aims to evaluate the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated cotton gene pools, as well as QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection activities in cotton genetics. Various marker-based approaches, including RAPD, ISSR, AFLP, SSR, and SNP analysis, have been used to investigate genetic diversity, genotype correlations, and map saturation in cotton. These technologies have also assisted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the finding of quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Furthermore, novel approaches such as linkage disequilibrium, association mapping, and genomic selection are applied to classic ideas such as genetic variation, QTL mapping, and marker-assisted selection (MAS). These genomic technologies can boost cotton productivity and meet global demand for high-yielding, high-quality cotton fiber by incorporating additional omics resources.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: NGS
  topic: keywords
subject: MAS
  topic: keywords
subject: QTL mapping
  topic: keywords
subject: genome
  topic: keywords
subject: omics
  topic: keywords
creator: A ABBAS
creator: AU REHMAN
creator: A ARSHAD
creator: GM RAZA
creator: M UMAR
creator: MS BUKHARI
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 A ABBAS, AU REHMAN, A ARSHAD, GM RAZA, M UMAR, MS BUKHARI (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-12
publication date: 2024-01-12
starting page: 19
ending page: 19
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.19

PHENOTYPIC PROFILING OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) VARIETIES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS
type: item
description: Chickpeas are legume crops cultivated and eaten, particularly in Asian nations. This is an excellent source of protein and carbs, with the protein quality considered superior to that of other pulses. The current study aimed to examine the genetic progress of different parameters at the seedling stage by analyzing their phenotypic attributes. During the 2022–2023 growing season, a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment was set up in the University of the Punjab's agricultural area. Five different genotypes were used in the experiment. At the seedling stage, data on seven morphological criteria were collected. A combined variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis was carried out using statistical tools. The PCV and GCV for leaf-width, root length, root-shoot ratio have shown little variation, indicating that these parameters were because of genetic factors with less influence of outer-factors(environment). Root-shoot ratio has shown a significant correlation for root length. Similarly leaf area has shown a strong correlation with leaf width. The parameters, Root length, leaf width and root-shoot ratio have shown high heritability, which signifies the ease of selection based on phenotypic appearance.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Life Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Biological Sciences
  topic: category
subject: chickpea
  topic: keywords
subject: heritability
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic advance
  topic: keywords
subject: phenotypic variation
  topic: keywords
creator: MNN KALYAR
creator: MA ULLAH
creator: MHM KALYAR
creator: KD SHAH
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 MNN KALYAR, MA ULLAH, MHM KALYAR, KD SHAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-01-06
publication date: 2024-01-06
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.64013/jpbab.v2024i1.17