ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES LINN (SEA BUCKTHORN) BERRIES, PULP AND TEA EXTRACTS AGAINST FOOD SPOILAGE AND FOODBORNE BACTERIAL STRAINS
Keywords:
Sea buckthorn berries, phytochemicals, zone of inhibition, Gram-negative microbes, Gram-positive microbes, foodborne bacteria, food safetyAbstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemicals content and antibacterial activities of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. (Sea buckthorn) pulp, dry berries, and tea (twigs, leaves, and dry berries). The content of phytochemicals (glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids) was measured using standard methods. The antibacterial activities were determined by applying well diffusion technique and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined using serial two-fold dilution against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli). The results showed that tea methanol extracts had the highest extractive values (18±01), followed by whole berries extract (17± 0.1%) and pulp extracts (14±0.1%). The phytochemical screening showed that the glycosides found in average (++) quantity in methanol and ethanol 70% extracts of tea, pulp, and whole berries. Tannins were found in large quantities (+++) in methanol and ethanol 70% extracts. Saponins in large quantity (+++) were screened in ethanol 70% pulp and tea extracts and tea extract of methanol. The flavonoids and phenols in large quantities were detected in methanol extracts of whole berries and tea, with tea extract of ethanol 70% and whole berries extract of ethanol 70%. The average quantity (++) was detected in tea methanol and ethanol 70%. The antibacterial activities of Sea buckthorn tea extracts zone of inhibition (ZI) were in the range of 19±01mm - 09± 1mm and the MIC (mg/mL) range was 7.8125-62.5. The whole berries ZI (mm) range was 18±1 - 08±0 with MIC (mg/mL) range were 7.125-250 pulp ZI (mm) range was 16±1 - 07±0 and MIC range was 62.5 - 500. The methanol extracts were the most efficient extracts followed by ethanol 70%, ethanol, decoction, and infusion. While tea was the most active part followed by whole berries and pulp. The prominent antibacterial activities and phytochemical contents of Hippophae rhamnoides dry berries, pulp, and tea specify the significance of this plant utilization in food, health, agrochemicals, and agriculture practice.
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