THE ROLE OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN MODULATING CYTOKINE DYNAMICS: INSIGHTS INTO IL-10, TNF-Α, AND IL-6 REGULATION
Keywords:
Photobiomodulation, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6, Cytokine Dynamics, Inflammation, Immune ModulationAbstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) represents an emerging non-invasive clinical practice for treating inflammatory conditions through therapeutic benefits. PBM achieves its results by controlling cytokine distribution alongside regulating biomarkers that increase or decrease inflammation. Cytokine measurements in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) under inflammatory stimulation showed that PBM controls interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production. PBMCs derived from ten healthy donors to establish three separate groups: control PBMCs, inflamed PBMCs injected with 1 g/mL lipopolysaccharide, and PBMCs submitting to PBM treatment at 810 nm wavelength with 100 mW/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 following LPS stimulation. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measured cytokine quantification and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) evaluated gene expression changes. A one-way ANOVA statistical analysis was used with a p-value value below 0.05 to assess the results. PBM therapy leads to substantial changes in the expression levels of cytokines. IL-10 levels in PBM-treated monocytes measured 45.64±3.22 pg/mL and exceeded inflammatory group values at 22.31±2.83 pg/mL which shows statistical significance (p=0.014). Similarly, PBM decreases TNF-α and IL-6 levels to 18.99±2.15 pg/mL (p=0.001) and 23.44±3.03 pg/mL (p=0.023) from the inflammatory phase. The resulting gene expression showed that PBM cells released 2.88 times more IL-10 (p=0.011) than inflammatory cells while producing significantly reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (p=0.035) and IL-6 (p=0.019). PBMs successfully adjust cytokine relationships through elevated IL-10 production while reducing the presence of TNF-α and IL-6 thereby proving their ability to treat inflammatory states. The results validate PBM's capability for restoring immune equilibrium thus establishing its potential value for clinical implementation.
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